Method of forming concrete pile in situ



May 25,r 1965 H. sTAUNAu METHOD OF FORMING CONCRETE PILE IN SITU 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 6, 1961 ngi- Q4 ngi F196 ng? nga May 25, 1965 Filed NOV. 6, 1961 Fig..9

H. STAUNAU METHOD OF FORMING CONCRETE PILE IN SITU 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jnvenfar:

May 25, 1965 H. sTAuNAU 3,184,924

METHOD OF FORMING CONCRETE PILE IN SITU Filed Nov. 6, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet I5 United vStates Patent O 3,184,924 METHOD F FORMING CONCRETE PILE IN SI'IU Heinz Staunan, Hamburg, Germany (Strandredder 1, Lubeck-Travemunde, Germany) Filed Nov. 6, 1961, Ser. No. 150,313 Claims priority, application Germany, May 31, 1961, St 17,893 4 Claims. (Cl. 61-53.6)

Many dilerent typesv of concrete piles formed in situ are known. There are also many known ways of producing such piles. Some methods include the formation of a toot of special form on the pile. One known method comprises placing concrete in 'a boring tube or inside a lining inside such a boring tubeV and then using an inner ram or inner tube With'an internal monkey or with an interal ram of valve, the tube is sunk to the required depth for the formation of the foot. A further known method comprises forming the foot or bulb with an internal ram. If a bulb is formed a point is not necessary but an inner tube with 'a valve is used. The tube is driven by 4a monkey.

In' order to remove some of the diiculties with processes and devices known up to now t-he inventor already suggested in an earlier invention that the boring tube with the help of gripping jaws or a gripping device could be sealed in relation to the cement or concrete lling at various positions as required. In this manner it is possible irst to drive the tube downwards and then to move the tube upwards slightly and to form a bulb-like foot. In an apparatus for carrying out this method the gripping jaws or'gripping device inthe form of a head are connected with a base plate having a ram and a sealing face movable in such a manner that by moving the face, of the suspension device (14 in the accompanying drawings) towards the face of the ram a clamping action is obtained in the tube.

In this older devicc'it was noted that the plug of concrete was detached from the tube owing to its weight and owing -to the percussive elfect to which the tube was exposed.

-One object of the present invention is to ensure that this loosening of the concrete plug occurs in each case and, possibly, obstacles beneath the core of concrete'are pressed out of the way.

An illustrative embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the attached drawings.

FIGURES l to 8 are vertical sections illustrating the formation of a pile.

FIGURE 9 is a 'longitudinal section of the device denoted by general reference 6 in the previous drawings.

FIGURE l0 is a section on the line X-X of FIG- URE 9.

In FIGURE l, 1 denotes the boring tube lying above the ground surface 5. 4 denotes concrete in the tube 1, and 3 denotes a iilling funnel for putting in the concrete. The figure is a vertical section.

FIGURE 2 shows the tube in the same position, i section, with the concrete 4 in it. 8 denotes the lower part of ya monkey (the rest of the monkey is not shown), while 9 denotesthe associated ramming cap. 1i) and 11 denote flexible hydraulic leads passing through the cap 9 to the downwardly acting cylindrical jack or pressure device 2 which contains within it a piston 14 (shown in FIG. 9). The jack 2 is placed below a locking or grip- 3,1492 Patented May 25, 1965 ICC ping device 6 suspended by a rope 7. This gripping device is described in more detail below with reference to FIG- URES 9 and l0.

FIGURE 3 shows the jack Z. It also `shows in section the tube 1 which has already been rammed into the ground with the concrete filling 4 in it. The tube 1 is sunk to the necessary depth by means of the monkey 8.

FIGURE 4 is a section of the device shown in FIG- URE 3 with the cap 9 and the monkey 8 removed. The ram 13 has been hydraulically driven and owing to the actuation of the gripping device 6 the tube has been raised somewhat. Consequently the concrete below the tube 1 has spread out.

FIGURE 5 is a `section and elevation of the same parts as shown in FIGURE 4 together with the parts 8 and 9. It is to be seen that the. tube 1 with the gripping device 6 in the active position has been driven further into the ground after which the gripping device 6 is released and the piston 14 (FIG. 9) is driven back in the jack 2 hydraulically.

As shown in FIGURE 5, the whole tube 1 with the stationary device consisting of the elements 2, 6, and 13 is d-riven down in the direction of the arrow with the help of the monkey 8 so that the tube is driven further into the earth. The foot 12 is then expanded as shown and the structure takes on the vform as shown in FIGURE 6. As shown in this ligure the reinforcement 24 is in place while the funnel 3 is in position for charging in concrete. Before the reinforcement 24 is put in place it is, of course, necessary to remove the cap 9, to release the element-s 2, 6, and 13 hydraulically and remove it by means of the rope 7.

FIGURE 7 shows the structure as shown in FIGURE 6 after removal of the funnel 3. The hydraulic device consisting of 2, 6, and 13 has been .placed in position for consolidating the concrete and for moving the tube 1 in steps upwards with the gripping device 6 in the active position. The final result is shown in FIGURE 8.

By additional blows onthe concrete column or pile above the foot 12 it is possible to use the foot 13 to form further bulges in the concrete column of any desired vertical dimension at any required height.

FIGURE 9 shows a section of part of the device denoted by the general reference 6 in the previous ligures. Reference numeral 2 again denotes the downwardly acting jack and 13 denotes the ram of the piston 14 in this jack. 15 denotes an oil supply pipe and 16 an oil return pipe. The direc-tion of flow in these pipes can be reversed to allow the jack to act in both directions. The pipe. 15 is connected with the oil pipe 10 Iand the pipe 16 with the oil pipe 11. The pipes 11 and 10 open into the jack at the positions 26 and 25 respectively. The suspension cable or rope 7 is secured to an eye 27 in the part 21.

FIGURE l0 is a section on the line X-X of FIG- URE 9 and shows that the part 17 is tapered (see FIG.- URE 9) so that during lowering of the cylinder 21 and simultaneous raising of `the piston 2li by passing pressure oil through pipe 16 into cylinder 21, the wedge 17 connected at its upper end to the piston 2 will be raised while the parts 18 connected by the links 22 at 23 to the cylinder 21 will be simultaneously lowered to press outwards the parts 18 so that the whole device is held fast inthe tube 1.

This eiiect is heightened since simultaneously the piston 14 presses the ram 13 against the part 2 an-d' Y' s f against the` wedge 17, pressing the latter upwards so that the parts 18 and the rubber parts 19 are pressed against the wall ofthe tube. The rubber parts 19 attached in any well known manner to parts 13` serve to prevent the entry of dirt particles to theA gap and also during release ofthe gripping device to press the parts i8 away from the tube l.

The pressing away eifectwith the help of the part i3 is accomplished in such a manner, as shown in FIGUREv 9 that the part 13 is supported in relation to the concrete layer 4.

What I claim is:

l. A method for the production of concrete piies in situ comprising the steps of lling atleast the lower end of an upright tube open at both endswith concrete while thelower end of the tube engages Ithe ground for forming` a concrete plug in said lower end; anchoring a pressure device in the interior of the tube in engagement with the upper end of the concrete therein; imparting impacts ontothe upper end of the tubefor driving the lower end of the tube with the concrete plug therein into the ground while preventing with said anchored pressure device the plug from moving upwardly in lthe tube; exerting by means of said `anchored pressure device a downwardly directed pressure onto the concrete plug to move the latter downwardly with respect to the tube while simultaneously transmitting through said anchored pressure dev-ice the counterpressure created byrsaid pressure to the tube to f raise the latter so that part of said plug will be located in the ground -below the lower open end of the tube; and

. g t A through said lanchored pressure devicethe counterpressure created by said .pressure to the tube to raise the latter through a given distance; and `'repeating the last two Y steps until the Ytube is completely raisedv out of the ground while a concrete pile with Ybulbous end is formed in the ground.

3. A method for the production ofaconcrete piles in situ comprising the steps of trilling thetlower end of an upright tube open at both ends with concrete while the lower end of the tube engages the ground for kforming a concrete plug in said .lower end; anchoring a pressure device in the interior of the tube inV engagement'with the upper end of the concrete therein; imparting impacts onto kthe upper end of` thetube for driving the lower end of the tube with the concrete piug therein into the ground while preventing with said anchored pressure device the plug from moving upwardly in the tube; exerting by means of said anchoredpressure device-a downwardly directed driving the tube further into the ground by imparting impacts onto 4the upper end thereof while preventing with said anchoredepressure device the remaining part of the plug in the tube to move upwardly with respect thereto to compress the part of the plug located below the lower end of the tube in axial direction and to cause it to expand laterally beyond the tube.

l2. A method -for the production of` concrete piles in situ comprising the steps of lling the lower endV of an upright tube open at both ends with concrete while the lower end of the tube engages the ground for forming a concrete plug in said lower end; anchoring a pressure device in the interior ofthe ytube in enga gementvwith they upper end of the concrete therein; imparting impacts onto thevupper end of the tube for driving the lower end of the `tube with the concrete plug therein into the ground while preventing with said anchored pressure device the plug from moving upwardly in the tube; exerting by means of said anchored pressure device a downwardly directed pressure onto the concrete plug to move the latter downwardly with respect to the tubetwhile simultaneously transmitting through said anchored pressure device the counterpressure created by sai-d pressure to the tube to raise the latter so that part of said plug will be located in the ground below the lower open end of the tube; driving the tube further into the gnound by imparting impacts onto the Vupper end thereof while preventing with said anchored pressure vdevice the remaining part of the .plug in the tube to move upwardly with respect thereto .to compress the part of the plug located below the lower end of the tube in `axial direction and to' cause it to expand laterally beyond the tube; removing said .pressure device from the tubes; filling the remainder of the tube nearly up .to but short of the upper open end thereof with concrete; anchoring said pressure device in the region *of the upper end of the tube; exert-1 ing by means of said anchored 'pressure device a downwardly directed pressure onto the upper surface of the concrete in the tube while simultaneously transmitting throughl said anchored pressure device the counter pressure created by said pressure to the tube to raise the latter through a given distance; lowering said pressure device inthe tube andrea'nchoring the same at a lower portion of the tube; exerting by means of said anchored pressure device a downwardly directed pressurejonto the upper surface of the poncret Iwhile simultaneously transmitting pressure onto the concrete plug toV movethe latter downwardly with respect to the tubewhilesimultaneously transmittingtthrough said *anchored pressure device the counterpressure created by said pressure to the'tube to Vraise the latter so that part. of said;plug will belocated inthe ground belowthe lower openend of the tube; driving thetube further. intotheground by impartingim- `pacte onto the upper end'thereof whilepreventingwith said' anchored pressure'device they remainingV partk of the plug in the tube to move upwardlywithrefspect thereto to compress the part of the plug located belowthe lower end of the tubein axial direction and to cause it to expand laterally belond .the tube; removing saidpressure device from the'tube; placing a reinforcement into the interior of the tube extending in .longitudinal direction therethrough; filling the remainder ofthe tube nearly up to but` short of therupper open endV thereof andv around said reinforcementv with concrete; anchoring saidpres sure device :in the region of the. upper end ofthe tube; exerting by means of said anchored pressurel device a downwardly. directed pressure onto the upper surface of the concrete in the tube while simultaneously transmitting through saidranchored, pressure device the'y counter presn sure created bysaid pressure to the tubeto raisefthe latter through a given distance;'lowering said pressure device in the tube and reanchoring the same at. a lower portion of the tube; exerting by means ofpsaid anchored pressurev dev-ice a downwardly directed pressure onto the upper surface of the concretewhile simultaneously transmitting through said anchored pressure device the counter pressure created by saidk pressure'to ther tube to raise the latter through a :givenzdistancm and repeating the last two steps until the VVtube is completely raisedtout of the ground while a concrete pile withra bulbous end is formed in the ground.

4.*A method'forthe production-of concrete'. piles in i the concrete plug to move` the latter downwardly withV respect to the tube while transmitting the counter` pressure created by saidprressure to the tube so asV to raise `the latter so`=that part of the plug will be located in the ground below the lower open endof the tube; 'driving the tube further into the ground by imparting impacts onto` the upperend thereofwhile preventing-fthe part of the plug remaining jin ,the tube4 to move upwardlywith respect thereto to compress the partof the plug located belowthe ylowerendv of the jtube-in axial=directionand to cause" it `to expand in radial direction; filling the tubey close to the upper end thereoffwith concrete; and exerting ontovthe upper endl ofthe concreteV inthe tube a down-y wardly directed pressure'V while" simultaneously transmitp 5 ting the counter pressure created by said pressure onto 544,037 the tube to gradually raise the latter. 1,23 8,773 References Cited bythe Examiner 8521630 285,703

UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,981,525 1l/34 Price.

2,952,131 9/60 Lyroudias 61-53.6 X

FOREIGN PATENTS 171,527 6/52 Austria.

Belgium. France.

Great Britain. Switzerland.

EARL I. WITMER, Primary Examiner.

JACOB I. NACKENOFF, JACOB SHAPIRO,

Examiners. 

1. A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE PILES IN SITU COMPRISING THE STEPS OF FILLING AT LEAST THE LOWER END OF AN UPRIGHT TUBE OPEN AT BOTH ENDS WITH CONCRETE WHILE THE LOWER END OF THE TUBE ENGAGAGES THE GROUND FOR FORMING A CONCRETE PLUG IN SAID LOWER END; ANCHORING A PRESSURE DEVICE IN THE INTERIOR OF THE TUBE IN ENGGEMENT WITH THE UPPER END OF THE CONCRETE THEREIN; IMPARTING IMPACTS ONTO THE UPPER END OF THE TUBE FOR DRIVING THE LOWER END OF THE TUBE WITH THE CONCRETE PLUG THEREIN INTO THE GROUND WHILE PREVENTING WITH SAID ANCHORED PRESSURE DEVICE THE PLUG FROM MOVING UPWARDLY IN THE TUBE; EXERTING BY MEANS OF SAID ANCHORED PRESSURE DEVICE A DOWNWARDLY DIRECTED PRESSURE ONTO THE CONCRETE PLUG TO MOVE THE LATTER DOWNWARDLY WITH RESPECT TO THE TUBE WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY TRANSMITTING THROUGH SAID ANCHORED PRESSURE DEVICE THE COUNTERPRESSURE CREATED BY SAID PRESSURE TO THE TUBE TO RAISE THE LATTER SO THAT PART OF SAID PLUG WILL BE LOCATED IN THE GROUND BELOW THE LOWER OPEN END OF THE TUBE; AND DRIVING THE TUBE FURTHER INTO THE GROUND BY IMPARTING IMPACTS ONTO THE UPPER END THEREOF WHILE PREVENTING WITH SAID ANCHORED PRESSURE DEVICE THE REMAINING PART OF THE PLUG IN THE TUBE TO MOVE UPWARDLY WITH RESPECT THERETO TO COMPRESS THE PART OF THE PLUG LOCATED BELOW THE LOWER END OF THE TUBE IN AXIAL DIRECTION AND TO CAUSE IT TO EXPAND LATERALLY BEYOND THE TUBE. 